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东亚季风 1

交通运输，碳排放预测，碳达峰，碳中和，发展路径 1

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光度立体法；三维重构；透视投影；图像分解 1

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分辨系数 1

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Impact of household transitions on domestic energy consumption and its applicability to urban energy

Benachir MEDJDOUB, Moulay Larbi CHALAL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 171-183 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017029

摘要： The household sector consumes roughly 30% of Earth’s energy resources and emits approximately 17% of its carbon dioxide. As such, developing appropriate policies to reduce the CO emissions, which are associated with the world’s rapidly growing urban population, is a high priority. This, in turn, will enable the creation of cities that respect the natural environment and the well-being of future generations. However, most of the existing expertise focuses on enhancing the thermal quality of buildings through building physics while few studies address the social and behavioral aspects. In fact, focusing on these aspects should be more prominent, as they cause between 4% and 30% of variation in domestic energy consumption. Premised on that, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect in the context of the UK of household transitions on household energy consumption patterns. To achieve this, we applied statistical procedures (e.g., logistic regression) to official panel survey data comprising more than 5500 households in the UK tracked annually over the course of 18 years. This helped in predicting future transition patterns for different household types for the next 10 to 15 years. Furthermore, it enabled us to study the relationship between the predicted patterns and the household energy usage for both gas and electricity. The findings indicate that the life cycle transitions of a household significantly influence its domestic energy usage. However, this effect is mostly positive in direction and weak in magnitude. Finally, we present our developed urban energy model “EvoEnergy” to demonstrate the importance of incorporating such a concept in energy forecasting for effective sustainable energy decision-making.

关键词： urban energy planning household transitions smart cities energy forecasting household projection serious gaming

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Quantifying and mapping spatial variability of Shanghai household carbon footprints

Shangguang YANG,Chunlan WANG,Kevin LO,Mark WANG,Lin LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 115-124 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0348-8

摘要： Understanding the spatial variability of household carbon emissions is necessary for formulating sustainable and low-carbon energy policy. However, data on household carbon emissions is limited in China, the world’s largest greenhouse gases emitter. This study quantifies and maps household carbon emissions in Shanghai using a city-wide household survey. The findings reveal substantial spatial variability in household carbon emissions, especially in transport-related emissions. Low emission clusters are founded in Hongkou, Xuhui, Luwan, Jinshan, and Fengxian. High emission clusters are located in Jiading and Pudong. Overall, the spatial pattern of household carbon emissions in Shanghai is donut-shaped: lowest in the urban core, increasing in the surrounding suburban areas, and declining again in the urban fringe and rural regions. The household emissions are correlated with a number of housing and socioeconomic factors, including car ownership, type of dwelling, size of dwelling, age of dwelling, and income. The findings underscore the importance of a localized approach to low-carbon policy-making and implementation.

关键词： household carbon emissions spatial variability energy policy Shanghai China

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废旧家用电器的机械破碎与分选技术

阎利,,刘应宗,黄文雄

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第12期页码 24-30

摘要：

简要分析了废旧家用电器的材料组成、联结方式，以及发达国家废旧家用电器处理技术现状，详细阐述了废旧家用电器的机械破碎和机械分选技术，介绍了国内外废旧家用电器成套处理设备的研究开发进展，并提出了适合我国国情的废旧家用电器处理的工艺技术路线。

关键词：废旧家用电器破碎分选循环经济

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预处理技术——家庭生物废弃物处理过程中的微塑料制造者 Article

Tian Hu, Fan Lü, Zhan Yang, Zhenchao Shi, Yicheng Yang, Hua Zhang, Pinjing He

《工程（英文）》 2024年第32卷第1期页码 117-127 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.010

摘要：

Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste (HBW). However, the imperfect separation of plastics in these pretreatment methods has raised concerns that they pose a secondary formation risk for microplastics (MPs). To validate this presumption, herein, quantities and properties of plastic debris and MPs larger than 50 μm were examined in the full chain of three different pretreatment methods in six plants. These facilities received HBW with or without prior depackaging at the source. The key points in the secondary formation of MPs were identified. Moreover, flux estimates of MPs were released, and an analysis of MPs sources was provided to develop an overview of their fate in HBW pretreatment. Pretreated output can contain a maximum of (1673 ± 279) to (3198 ± 263) MP particles per kilogram of wet weight (particles·kg⁻¹ ww) for those undepackaged at source, and secondary MPs formation is primarily attributed to biomass crushers, biohydrolysis reactors, and rough shredders. Comparatively, HBW depackaged at the source can greatly reduce MPs by 8%–72%, regardless of pretreatment processes. Before pretreatment, 4.6–205.6 million MP particles were present in 100 tonnes of HBW. MPs are produced at a rate of 741.11–33 124.22 billion MP particles annually in anaerobic digester feedstock (ADF). This study demonstrated that HBW pretreatment is a competitive source of MPs and emphasized the importance of implementing municipal solid waste segregation at the source. Furthermore, depackaging biogenic waste at the source is recommended to substantially alleviate the negative effect of pretreatment on MPs formation.

关键词： Microplastics Plastic debris Household biogenic waste Depackage Pretreatment

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monitoring of non-gaussian chemical processes with modes-switching using globality-locality preserving projection

Xin Peng, Yang Tang, Wenli Du, Feng Qian

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 429-439 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1675-6

摘要： In this paper, we propose a novel performance monitoring and fault detection method, which is based on modified structure analysis and globality and locality preserving (MSAGL) projection, for non-Gaussian processes with multiple operation conditions. By using locality preserving projection to analyze the embedding geometrical manifold and extracting the non-Gaussian features by independent component analysis, MSAGL preserves both the global and local structures of the data simultaneously. Furthermore, the tradeoff parameter of MSAGL is tuned adaptively in order to find the projection direction optimal for revealing the hidden structural information. The validity and effectiveness of this approach are illustrated by applying the proposed technique to the Tennessee Eastman process simulation under multiple operation conditions. The results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over conventional eigendecomposition-based monitoring methods.

关键词： non-Gaussian processes subspace projection independent component analysis locality preserving projection finite mixture model

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基于投影寻踪的组合评价方法研究

王硕, 杨善林, 胡笑旋

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第8期页码 60-64

摘要：

以理想解法和灰色关联度分析法为基础进行组合，得到的组合评价方法能够提高评价结果的有效性。在该组合评价方法的研究中，常规的作法是对指标组合权重的运用主观赋值法，组合的偏好系数、灰色关联度的分辨系数采取人为赋值法，没能充分挖掘组合评价方法的优势。针对此问题，提出用投影寻踪法构建处理组合评价法的优化模型，运用实码加速遗传算法处理该非线性优化问题，所得的指标权重为客观权重，同时得到确定组合评价法组合偏好系数和灰色关联度分辨系数的新方法。实例表明，基于投影寻踪的组合评价方法具有科学性和客观性。

关键词：组合评价投影寻踪法实码加速遗传算法分辨系数组合偏好系数

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Coordinate system applied to magnetic suspension project between Shanghai and Hangzhou

SHI Yimin, WANG Lihua, LUO Yan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 288-292 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0041-7

摘要： In order to satisfy the requirement for route location of a magnetic suspension project between Shanghai and Hangzhou, this paper proposes to adopt a new form of geodetic coordinate system, which is defined by meridians and parallel circles but with two coordinate parameters expressed by length. Not only the coordinate systems for route location along the whole line can be unified, but also the precision of lengths and angles obtained from simple formulas are very high and there are not any map projection distortions. This has been proven by calculation.

关键词： requirement projection calculation Shanghai precision

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高临场感多投影面虚拟环境系统的设计与实现

贾庆轩,宋荆洲,孙汉旭,高欣,姚福生

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第8期页码 33-38

摘要：

给出了高临场感多投影面虚拟环境系统的体系结构，研究了系统构建中的立体显示、图形分割、画面同步、几何校正、颜色校正等关键问题；采用基于联网PC驱动的技术、利用中低端的投影机和低性能网络设备，构建了一个五通道的220度宽视场角多投影面虚拟环境应用验证系统，获得了良好的画面整体一致性效果和高度的沉浸感。

关键词：多投影面画面同步立体显示几何校正颜色校正

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透视投影下的非朗伯光度立体技术 Research Articles

李敏1,刁常宇2,许端清1,邢卫1,鲁东明1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第8期页码 1119-1266 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900156

摘要：在透视投影假设下，非朗伯光度立体技术是一个高度非线性问题。本文提出一种透视投影下基于非朗伯反射模型的表面法线和深度重构优化框架。将图像分解为漫反射分量和镜面分量，可同时计算表面法向量和反射率。此外提出一个变分公式，其在表面重构中表现出鲁棒性与有益性。实验结果表明，所提方法能准确重构非朗伯曲面彩色物体表面形状并计算出物体表面的反射率。

关键词：光度立体法；三维重构；透视投影；图像分解

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Big Data to support sustainable urban energy planning: The EvoEnergy project

Moulay Larbi CHALAL, Benachir MEDJDOUB, Nacer BEZAI, Raid SHRAHILY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 287-300 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0081-9

摘要： Energy sustainability is a complex problem that needs to be tackled holistically by equally addressing other aspects such as socio-economic to meet the strict CO emission targets. This paper builds upon our previous work on the effect of household transition on residential energy consumption where we developed a 3D urban energy prediction system (EvoEnergy) using the old UK panel data survey, namely, the British household panel data survey (BHPS). In particular, the aim of the present study is to examine the validity and reliability of EvoEnergy under the new UK household longitudinal study (UKHLS) launched in 2009. To achieve this aim, the household transition and energy prediction modules of EvoEnergy have been tested under both data sets using various statistical techniques such as Chow test. The analysis of the results advised that EvoEnergy remains a reliable prediction system and had a good prediction accuracy (MAPE  5%) when compared to actual energy performance certificate data. From this premise, we recommend researchers, who are working on data-driven energy consumption forecasting, to consider merging the BHPS and UKHLS data sets. This will, in turn, enable them to capture the bigger picture of different energy phenomena such as fuel poverty; consequently, anticipate problems with policy prior to their occurrence. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing two scenarios of EvoEnergy development in relation to energy policy and decision-making.

关键词： urban energy planning sustainable planning Big Data household transition energy prediction

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Understanding high-emitting households in the UK through a cluster analysis

Xinfang WANG, Ming MENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 612-625 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0647-6

摘要： Anthropogenic climate change is a global problem that affects every country and each individual. It is largely caused by human beings emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In general, a small percentage of the population is responsible for a large amount of emissions. This paper focuses on high emitters and their CO emissions from energy use in UK homes. It applies a cluster approach, aiming to identify whether the high emitters comprise clusters where households in each cluster share similar characteristics but are different from the others. The data are mainly based on the Living Cost and Food survey in the UK. The results show that after equivalising both household emissions and income, the high emitters can be clustered into six groups which share similar characteristics within each group, but are different from the others in terms of income, age, household composition, category and size of the dwelling, and tenure type. The clustering results indicate that various combinations of socioeconomic factors, such as low-income single female living in an at least six-room property, or high-income retired couple owning a large detached house, could all lead to high CO emissions from energy use at home. Policymakers should target each high-emitter cluster differently to reduce CO emissions from energy consumption at home more effectively.

关键词： cluster analysis emissions reduction energy use high emitters household energy consumption socioeconomic factors

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Neighborhood form and CO

Jiaxing GUO, Huan LIU, Yang JIANG, Dongquan HE, Qidong WANG, Fei MENG, Kebin HE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 79-88 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0516-1

摘要： To understand the household CO emission level in China, as well as how much the neighborhoods’ socio-economic or design factors could influence the CO emission, 23 neighborhoods in Jinan were investigated in 2009 and 2010. These neighborhoods fall into four different types: superblock, enclave, grid and traditional. The household CO emission includes sources of both in-home energy use and passenger transportation. The average CO emission per household is 7.66 t·a , including 6.87 t in-home operational emission and 792 kg transportation emission. The household CO emission by neighborhood categories is 10.97, 5.65, 6.49, 5.40 t·household ·a for superblock, enclave, grid and traditional respectively. Superblock has the highest average emission and also the highest percent (more than 25%) of transportation emission among four different types of neighborhoods. The residential CO emission of superblock neighborhoods in Jinan has already reached the level in developed countries nearly ten years ago. It is predictable that more superblock neighborhoods would be built in China with the fast urbanization. How to avoid the rapid household CO emission growth in the future would be a systematic issue. The study also found that in addition to income and apartment area, household density, land use mix and accessibility to public transportation are three primary factors which have significant impacts on CO emission. High density, mixed land use and convenient accessibility to public transportation tend to reduce household CO emission.

关键词： CO₂ emission neighborhood type transportation household energy China

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利用两类投影方法进行特征融合的人脸识别

张生亮,徐勇,杨健,杨静宇

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第8期页码 50-55

摘要：

提出了利用两类投影抽取特征、用并行策略融合特征进行人脸识别的新方法。先用一维的基于向量的投影抽取一组特征，再用基于二维的图像投影的方法抽取一组特征，用复向量将样本的两组特征向量组合在一起，在复向量空间分析主分量(CPCA)，抽取人脸图像的鉴别特征。在FERET人脸库上的实验结果表明，该方法的识别性能比用单个特征有10%左右的提高。

关键词：特征融合线性鉴别分析(LDA) 特征抽取人脸识别

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周波：Do Energy Subsidies Occupy Fiscal and Household Non-Energy Expenditures?（2020年7月12日）

2022年06月10日

关键词：能源

Actor-Critic强化学习算法及其在开发基于计算机视觉的界面跟踪中的应用 Article

Oguzhan Dogru, Kirubakaran Velswamy, 黄彪

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第9期页码 1248-1261 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.027

摘要：

本文通过将对象跟踪形式化为序列决策过程，使控制理论与计算机视觉实现同步。强化学习（RL）智能体成功跟踪了两种液体之间的界面，这通常是化学、石化、冶金和石油行业中跟踪的关键变量。该方法使用少于100 张图像来创建环境，智能体无需专家知识即可从中生成自己的数据。与依赖大量参数的监督学习（SL）方法不同，这种方法需要的参数少得多，这自然降低了维护成本。除了经济性外，该智能体还对环境不确定性（如遮挡、强度变化和过度噪声）具有鲁棒性。在闭环控制情境下，基于界面位置的偏差被选作训练阶段的优化目标。该方法展示了RL方法在油砂行业中的实时对象跟踪应用。本文除了介绍界面跟踪问题外，还详细回顾了最有效的RL方法之一——actor-critic策略。

关键词：界面跟踪对象跟踪遮挡强化学习均匀流形逼近和投影